Computer Based Instruction

The use of computers in instruction has expanded so rapidly that a common terminology has not yet coalesced. Numerous terms are in use. The most frequently encountered are:

• Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) - CAI was one of the earliest terms applied to the use of computers for instruction in both education and training.
• Computer Based Instruction (CBI) - CBI is an inclusive term that covers any type of computer use in training and education.
• Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) - CMI registers learners and tracks their module and course participation, quiz and test scores, and progress. CMI assists the instructor in performing administrative tasks and in monitoring trainee or student performance.
• Computer Adaptive Training (CAT) - CAT-based instructional programs evaluate the student's or trainee's performance entry level and subsequent progress and adjusts the difficulty level of the material presented based on the the learner's demonstrated subject knowledge.

Instructional computer systems can be programmed to provide performance feedback to the learner on a variety of reinforcement schedules. Feedback timing and frequency can be selected that is most appropriate to the training session. For example, immediate feedback is used for perceptual-motor tasks and at the early stages for other learning. However, as mastery is gained, immediate feedback can be disruptive and a longer interval is more appropriate.

Computers can also be programmed to provide positive reinforcement which enhances learning, retention, and motivation. Control over the pace of learning can be provided for the trainee, as well as, infinite opportunities for material review and practice--until mastery.